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ZZZZZ ffff,0000,0000ZENDA is a
Weekly Assyrian Online Magazine ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ Vol III, Issue 32 ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ I Tishreen 13, 6747 October 13, 1997 ZZZZZ=20
ZZZZZ ZZZZZ =20
ZZZZZ =20
zenda@ix.netcom.com ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ P.O. Box 20278 San Jose, California 95160 U.S.A. =20
ZZZZZ
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0000,0000,ffff T H I S W E E K =20
I N Z E N D A=20
The Lighthouse............. Yusuf Malek: The Man Who Saw Tomorrow
Good Morning Bet-Nahrain... Turkey to Annex North Iraq, Says Ocalan
Iraq Protests I.N.C. Meeting with Blair=09
Surfs Up................... "my dream is to be with you"=09
Surfers Corner............. Internet Assyrian Dictionary Project=09
News Digest................ Tehran's Assyrian Leader Calls Iran Ideal
Tamraz Accused of Bribing Ciller's Husband
Calendar of Events......... Conference in Lieden, The Netherlands
Khudra..................... October-December 1997=09
Entracte................... No New Entries=09
Intelligentsia............. Meetings & Classes
Abzu....................... Assyrian Radio & TV Programs
Assyrian Surfing Posts..... Hannibal Alkhas
Express Yourself =09
Pump up the Volume......... Prescription & Description =09
Back to the Future......... Ashurbanipal and Shamash-Shum-Ukin
Jerusalam Metropolitan Becomes Extinct
Literatus.................. Lamb Strung on a Sword =09
This Week in History....... Mohammad Pasha Destroy's Assyrian Ruins=09
Bravo...................... Tree of Life=09
The Directory.............. ZENDA News Sources =20
Bshena..................... Australia, Chicago, Walnut Creek & Turlock=09
Salute..................... Firas, Fred, Lena, & Rita
=20
ffff,0000,0000-------------THE L I G H T=20
H O U S E----------------- =20
=20
YUSUF MALEK
THE MAN WHO SAW TOMORROW
In the quiet Persian town of Masjide Suleiman (Solomon's Mosque), on the
afternoon of May 26, 1908, a few minutes after 4:00 A.M. the joyous
shouting of the British and Persian laborers awakened the Indian cavalry
guards serving in His Majesty's Army. A gusher of oil marked the
beginning of a new chapter in the history of modern Assyrian nation. The
British had struck oil in Iran. =20
Soon after, the Anglo-Persian Petroleum Company (later British Petroleum
or "BP") was established. By 1914 the British government of King George
V owned fifty one percent interest in BP. In a secret agreement drafted
by Winston Churchill, then a member of the Parliament, the British
Admiralty was handed a twenty-year contract for oil extracted in Iran and
refined in the port city of Abadan. In southern Iraq the rivers Tigris
and Euphrates meet to form the waterway of Shatt-al-Arab which waters the
area separating Abadan and the Iraqi city of Basra, a place once
inhabited by the ancient Sumerians. It was here in Basra that a young
Assyrian interpreter developed a keen interest in defending the rights of
his people and focusing his entire energy on the political work at hand.=20
This is the story of Yusuf Malek, the man who saw tomorrow. =20
Born on 28 March 1899 in Baghdad, Yusuf Malek attended his hometown's
"Latin and American Schools." His parents were Chaldean-Catholics from
the Tel Keif (Tell Keppe) in the district of Nineveh. Today's Iraq,
Turkey, in fact much of the Middle East was then under the control of the
Ottoman rulers. In the Fall of 1914 the troops of Ottomon Empire (modern
Turkey) were mobilized to capture the Abadan Refinery in an effort to cut
energy supplies to the British. On 6 November 1914 Britain declared war
on the Ottoman Empire. To secure their oil fields in Iran and the
control of Baghdad the British captured Basra from the Ottomans. Yusuf
was working as a War Interpreter during the British occupation of Basra.=20
=20
The British soldiers lost in their first attempt to capture Baghdad. The
battle took place on 25 November in the ancient city of Ctesiphon, 26
miles southeast of Baghdad, where centuries before the Assyrian Church
monitored the growth of its domain from the Mediterranean Sea to China
and Japan. The British decided to retreat and stop at the mud village of
Kut el-Amara. The Ottomans isolated the humiliated, starving and diseased
British soldiers for nearly five months. Finally the British Government
dispatched Captains Aubrey Herbert and T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia)
to negotiate the terms of surrender on 28 April 1916. The siege of Kut
lasted 146 days with 10,000 British casualties. The defeated army was
sent on a death march to Turkey to work on railroad chain gangs. Only a
few, including Yusuf Malek, survived the ordeal. =20
Two months later Yusuf succeeded in escaping the Ottomans. In July 1917
once again he was employed by the British. Within two years he had
become an Assistant to the Governor of Samara. On 25 April 1920 the San
Remo Agreement was signed between the French and the British. Nineveh
(Mosul) was to be taken from the French in exchange for 25% of oil in
Bet-Nahrain- if ever found. Both the British and the French were
cognizant of the oil-rich land of northern Bet-Nahrain, and so was Yusuf
whose vision for a future Assyria included an economy based on the sale
of his homeland's oil to the West. Yusuf was now holding a very visible
position in the Government of Iraq. As the Secretary Inspector for the
State of Nineveh he clearly understood that the purpose of such an
agreement was to temporarily appease the Turks in the north. These were
the same people who had only five years earlier committed the greatest
massacre against his people and forced him onto a death march. By 1920
much of the Mosul region was in the hands of the Turkish rulers. In 1921
the British installed Faisal as the king of a new country called Iraq.=20
Yusuf and other Assyrian leaders worked diligently to convince the
British to regain the Mosul Villayet in the hope of rebuilding the new
autonomous homeland for Assyrians. In May 1924 at the Conference of
Constantinople Mosul was seceded to Iraq under British Rule. The British
had a different plan for northern Iraq. Fighting broke immediately
between Tkhumnaye Assyrians and the Turkish troops. Turkey had decided
to drive Assyrians out of Hakkari into Iraq. On 16 July 1925 the League
of Nations agreed to give Mosul Vilayet to Britain but allowed the
Hakkari to stay within Turkish borders. The Assyrian homeland was now
divided between Iraq and Turkey. Two years later, at 3:00 AM on 15
October, from a well known as Baba Gurgur Number One, a roar was heard.=20
The British had discovered oil six miles northwest of Kirkuk in northern
Iraq. In the next few months foreign oil investors signed a contract in
which it was agreed that Royal Dutch (Shell), Anglo-Persian (BP), the
French, and the American "Near East Development Group" would each receive
an equal share of the riches found in the homeland of the Assyrians. The
British had decided that northern Bet-Nahrain could no longer be
entrusted to the secesionist Assyrians; and therefore, vocal activists
such as Yusuf Malek and Mar Ishai Shimun of the Assyrian Church of the
East had to be silenced.
On 16 August 1930 the Administrative Inspector for the State of Mosul
promoted Yusuf to the position of Mayor of Sheehan in northern Iraq.=20
Only two days later the Minister of Interior ordered Yusuf to be
tranfered to Nassiriya. Yusuf's refusal angered the government officials
who promptly requested his resignation. To insure a global agreement on
the sovereignty of a nation under Arab and not Assyrian rule, the British
decided to help the newly-created nation of Iraq be admitted to the
League of Nations. On 16 November 1930 the Iraqi Parliament ratified a
new Anglo-Iraqi Treaty and set a date for the termination of the British
Mandate over Iraq. Assyrians holding high-ranking positions in the
British administration of Iraq had to be replaced with Arab counterparts.
In April 1931 Yusuf left Sheehan for Beirut, a city under French
Mandate. Along the way he attended the Assyrian-Kurdish Conference held
in Halab (Aleppo), Syria. On 3 October 1932 the independent state of Iraq
was admitted to the League of Nations. =20
In Beirut a bitter Yusuf Malek wrote much against the British involvement
in Iraq and their refusal to cooperate with the Assyrian leaders. His
writings angered both the British and the Arab rulers of Iraq. Certain
Assyrian tribal leaders were now convinced that the future of Assyrian
nation could only be entrusted to the French. In August 1933 a few days
following the small exodus of Assyrians to Syria, an area under the
protection of the French, and the massacre of Assyrians in northern Iraq
(the Semel Massacre), at the request of the Iraqi Exterior Minister Nuri
al-Saeed Pasha from the French government, Yusuf was arrested and exiled
to Cyprus.
On 26 August 1933 Yusuf joined the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of
the East, Mar Ishai Shimun, who was also exiled from Bet-Nahrain. On 28
September 1933 Yusuf Malek and Mar Ishai Shimun left Cyprus and arrived
on 4 October 1933 in Geneva, Switzerland. Malik, an Assyrian-Chaldean,
accompanied the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East as his
official secretary in defending the rights of the Assyrians at the
meetings of the League of Nations. The discussion over "The Assyrian
Cause" was to take place on 14 October. Both men worked at "an
unbelievable pace of 18 hours a day" to prepare for these historic
gatherings. Yusuf and Mar Ishai Shimun's demands in London, Geneva, and
Paris were promptly ignored or rejected one meeting after another. Yusuf
returned to Beirut empty-handed. By this time however, many
international politicians in Europe and Asia were made aware of "The
Assyrian Cause." To Yusuf it meant only one thing, that the British had
once again betrayed their Christian allies in Bet-Nahrain. In Beirut he
continued his journalistic efforts as the Editor of "Kheerotha"
(Freedom), an Assyrian newspaper financially supported by the
Assyrian-American National Federation. Yusuf also wrote his monumental
book "The British Betrayal of Assyrians," a revealing look at the British
politics in Bet-Nahrain at the turn of the century. =20
Yusuf Malek gave Assyrian politics a practical realism and redefined
Assyrian identity in terms of a modern secular faith. His leadership and
writings, as with most of his contemporary Assyrian educated leaders, led
to the foundation of all future Assyrian political movements in
Bet-Nahrain. Tel Keppe's most famous Assyrian political activist and
visionary passed onto immortality in 1959.=20
Staff of ZENDA
References:=20
History of Mesopotamia, Samuel Guliana
A Peace to End All Peace, David Fromkin
The Prize, Daniel Yergin
"The Unforgotten Son of Tel-Keif", William Mikhail =20
ffff,0000,0000---G O O D M O R N I N G=20
B E T - N A H R A I N---
TURKEY WANTS TO ANNEX NORTHERN IRAQ, SAYS KURDISH LEADER
Copyright 1997 by Agence France-Presse / Tue, 7 Oct 1997 10:42:07 PDT
(ZNAF: Ankara) Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Ocalan
accused Turkey of plans to annex northern Iraq, where Turkish troops have
been attacking the Kurd separatist group, in an interview on Kurdish
Med-TV. Turkey has a "clear plan" to use the presence of ethnic Turks
living in northern Iraq to increase Turkish influence there and create a
"federal structure" before moving to "annex" the area, Ocalan was quoted
as saying in Tuesday's edition of the Turkish pro-Kurdish newspaper
Ulkede Gundem. "Behind this plan is the support of the United States,
Israel and other imperialist countries who want to disperse the Kurds
using Turkey as an intermediary," said the head of the PKK. Turkish
warplanes moved into Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq at the end of last
month in an operation to wipe out what Ankara says are PKK rear bases
used to launch attacks across the border into Turkey. Ocalan said the PKK
could issue a ceasefire with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), one of
the Iraqi Kurdish groups controlling northern Iraq, if its leader Massoud
Barzani withdrew support for the Turkish army. Turkey said yesterday
that its troops and Iraqi Kurdish allies had killed 797 PKK rebels and
lost 11 Turkish solders and 35 fighters from the Kurdistan Democratic
Party (KDP) in three weeks of fighting in northern Iraq following an army
incursion into the area. Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit
said Friday that Ankara's military presence in northern Iraq was not
permanent, but necessary to counter the "negative effect of the current
power vacuum" after Baghdad had lost control of the region in the wake
of the 1991 Gulf war. Ocalan usually lives in Damascus or the
Syrian-controlled Bekaa valley in Lebanon.
IRAQ PROTESTS IRAQI OPPOSITION MEETING WITH BRITISH GOVERNMENT
(ZNAF: New York) In a letter to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Iraqi
Deputy Prime Minister Tareq Aziz accused the government of Prime
Minister Tony Blair of "hostile conduct," following the meeting on
September 30. Aziz said that a statement issued in London after the
meeting interfered with Iraqi internal affairs "with a view to
overthrowing its national government, undermining its security and
stability, encroaching on its sovereignty and destroying its national
unity." The British statement notably expressed serious concerns about
the regional threat posed by the regime of Iraqi leader Saddam
Hussein and said that all sides agreed to "expanded future meetings."
Last week's meeting was attended notably by the umbrella Iraqi National
Congress, the Shiite Supreme Assembly of the Islamic Revolution and the
Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. The Jordan-based Iraqi National
Accord and Iraqi defector Wafic Samarrai, former head of Iraq's military
intelligence also attended. The Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa) is
also a member of INC. Meanwhile, the two rival Kurdish factions that
control northern Iraq blamed each other for the failure of this=20
meeting.
In two separate statements received in Dubai, the Kurdistan Democratic
Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) said the meeting
was held Monday and Tuesday at the British Foreign Office in the presence
of representatives of the three countries that oversaw the signing of the
October 1996 KDP-PUK ceasefire. The KDP said "the PUK wanted to put the
cart before the horse and demanded the formation of a coalition
government in northern Iraq" The PUK said it reiterated its demands
during the meeting for an agreement with the KDP on forming a joint
government and for the KDP to hand over to a joint treasury the duties it
collects at the border with Turkey. "We hold the KDP responsible for the
deterioration of the situation in (Iraqi) Kurdistan because it doesn't
want a real peace and scorns the interests of the Kurdish people, loots
their resources and is amassing money in bank accounts abroad," the PUK
said. It also accused Turkey "of being biased toward the KDP, whose
forces serve as mercenaries with Turkish troops" and said that "the
Turkish position only complicates the situation."
ffff,0000,0000------------------S U R F S =20
U P !------------------------
"First, let me state that I fully agree...on the principle that the
current process of dialogue and unity between the Assyrian Church of the
East and the Chaldean Catholic Church should have included, in one way or
another, the segment of the Church of the East that follows the Old
Calendar. There is no reason why these brethren should not have been
rejoicing the initiation of this course as many of us are these days.
However, your statement that this Church was "left in the cold" during
these talks is not an accurate one. The Patriarch of the Assyrian
Church, His Holiness Mar Dinkha has attempted numerous time in recent
years to invite His Holiness Mar Addai to the round table in order to
resolve differences, progress in dialogue and achieve rapprochement.=20
But, unfortunately, the final result of these attempts has always been
insignificant. During their talks, before signing the "Joint Synodal
Decree for Promoting Unity," Their Holinesses our two Patriarchs Mar
Raphael and Mar Dinkha, in Chicago, personally called Patriarch Mar
Addai, who was then in California, on the 13th of August (4:10 pm) and
invited him to come to Chicago and co-consecrate Mart Maryam Church with
them. That would have been an historic opportunity to "jump start" the
process that is so stagnant now. Unfortunately Mar Addai's reply to both
Patriarchs -- who pleaded with love and respect for his participation --
was that "I cannot come, I am too busy now here in California."
I want to assure you...that neither this nor any other situation will
ever deter Assyrians or Chaldeans from insisting with a more serious
approach on meeting with our brothers who are not with us today
celebrating the hopes and aspirations of UNITY. This church and her
hierarchy, clergy and members are our brothers and sisters and our joy in
the Lord and in our nation will never be fulfilled without them. Our
mission is to be one with them as well; this is what Christ has asked us
to do.
Mar Bawai Soro
Bishop--Sec. Gen. of CIRED
[Mar Bawai Soro's letter was sumbitted in response to a ZENDA reader's
comment published last week.]
*******************
"Today Mesopotamia has become the game of war, torture, killing,=20
imprisonment, hatred, revenge, and all sorts of barbaric actions that=20
couldn't be found elsewhere. Yet the people of Bethnahrin are=20
brave and fight for their right to be there, to guard their grandfathers'=20
and grandmothers' graves and trace their people's steps. The=20
difficulties they have tolerated 'not even the mountains' could tolerate,
in winter under coldness and in summer under the hot sun.
Who was responsible for this disaster of 1914? Behind the mirror there=20
are many unexplained questions? Immigration has cost us a high price. To
escape is not the solution. Our enemy's purpose is to force us to leave
there! To force a human to flee from his/her own home you gain nothing
except a bad reputation. I will be brave and dare not to be quiet for my
people's right. I won't keep my mouth shut because the four season's of
Mesopotamia are in my heart.
My mother, where are your green trees and sparkling grass which never can=20
be found somewhere else? The sun shine which made me feel I was in
paradise? Who can encourage me to forget you? My tears run like a river
as I remember you. Who can wipe or dry my teardrops falling day and
night? Who can explain how I miss you, your voice rings in my ears day
and night. My patience is running out without you for my desire is to=20
realise my dream. And my dream is to be with you
Although I'm far from you and the distance is great, I promise to=20
keep you in my heart for ever, my hope will never be destroyed despite
all difficulties which exist. Your beauty is always in front of my eyes.
You are wonderful and you will be for ever. Your flowers possibly could
grew up again, this is my first hope and expectations.
It's you who gave the world civilisation and the establishment of=20
peace.
You lost your self-defence by bringing peace to the world, but=20
your self confidence still exist. You are waiting for somebody to=20
revive it. No one will mention you if you don't stimulate your children.
To describe your pain for me feels hard. Your garden has became dry
because it hasn't rained for 2000 years. Your soil has became hard as
stone and there is nobody to irrigate it...You were a good shepherd for
your children and you were a pigeon which always wished to follow the
path of peace. But your enemies were after you to destroy your villages,
and change them to their mentality and methods.
Iskender Aryo
Sweden
ffff,0000,0000---------------S U R F E R S =20
C O R N E R----------------
THE INTERNET ASSYRAIN DICTIONARY PROJECT
In cooperation with Tyler Chambers' Internet Dictionary Project, the
Assyrian Academic Society is creating a royalty-free Assyrian dictionary
through the help of Assyrians that have access to the internet. This site
allows individuals from all over the world to visit and assist in the
translation of English words into modern Assyrian. The resulting lists of
English words and their translated counterparts are then made available
through this site to anyone, with no restrictions on their use.
=20
Please donate a little of your time and add translations to the IADP by=20
visiting : http://aas.net/id.htm
=20
Firas Jatou
Assyrian Acadmeic Society
ffff,0000,0000---------------N E W S D =20
I G E S T-----------------
HEAD OF ASSYRIAN MOTVA IN TEHRAN: "ISLAMIC REPUBLIC IDEAL FOR=20
ASSYRIANS"
(ZNDA: Tehran) Two weeks after the publication of a 38-page report by the
New York-based Human Rights Watch in which Iran's Islamic government is
said to be engaged in flagrant persecution of the country's religious and
ethnic minorities especially evangelical Christians and Baha'is, an
interview was conducted by the officials of Iran's media group with
Yonatan Bet-Kolya, the head of the Assyrian Council of Tehran (Motva'd
Tehran) and the Assyrian Universal Alliance's representative in Asia.=20
Bet-Kolya calls the Islamic Republic of Iran "ideal for the Assyrian
Society." He adds that "for centuries the Assyrians had lived in this
vast land and for religious reasons, they had long wished that a
government would come to power which would be on the basis of religion."=20
He also stated that "the culmination of the Islamic Revolution of Iran
and the establishment of Islamic Republic of Iran based on Divine Law and
Justice materialized the long cherished wishes of the Assyrian
community." He pointed out that under the Divine Law of Islamic Iran, the
Assyrians have the opportunity to freely practice their religious rites.
Bet Kolya notes that "under Islamic Iran, Assyrians have full freedom in
the practice of their culture and religion. They face no form of
restrictions what-so-ever and that the Assyrians have been able to
preserve their identity, their language, culture and religion in Iran,
whereas the Assyrians in Arabic countries neither know their language nor
have their true identity as Assyrian community." ZENDA was unable to
confirm the validity of the information received at presstime. Bet-Kolya,
a contraversial figure in the arena of Assyrian politics in Iran due to
his past involvement with Iran's intelligence community, was a guest of
the Assyian American National Federation at this year's "Detroit
Convention."
TAMRAZ INVOLVED IN TURKEY'S BRIBERY CASE
(ZNSM: Ankara) Turkish newspaper, Milliyet, last week revealed that
Turkey's ex-premier Tansu Ciller's husband was being investigated by the
country's judiciary over allegations of his taking a bribe from the=20
Maronite-American businessman Roger Tamraz. Ozer Ciller allegedly took
money from Tamraz in exchange for obtaining a contract to build a
pipeline from the Caspian Sea to Turkey's port of Ceyhan. Last month
Tamraz testified before a US congressional committee on his donations to
the Democratic Party in order to "have access" to president Bill Clinton
in support of his multi-billion dollar Caspian Sea Oil Pipeline project.=20
A French investigative magistrate also has charged Tamraz with issuing a
fake budget for France's Banque de Participations et de Placements (BPP)
and embezzling more than 6 million francs from its coffers.
ffff,0000,0000------C A L E N D A R =20
OF E V E N T S----
Oct 17-18 Lieden University Symposium
A History of Assyro-Chaldean Christians
Contact Dr. Heleen Murre-van den Berg
hlmurre@rullet.leidenuniv.nl
Topic include:
"The Church of the East in the 17th and 18th Centuries: Bet Israel
Alqoshaya and the Periodization of History"
"Israel Alqoshaya and Yausip Tilkipnaya and the Beginnings of
Sureth Literature"
"Neo-Aramaic and Persian Glosses in the Syriac Translation of the
Pseudo-Callisthenes and the Literary Traditions around the School of
Alqosh"
"Early Neo-Aramaic and Present-day Dialectal Diversity"
"The Patriarchate of the Church of the East in the 17th Century"
"A Chaldean aksa d-kahna in an East-Syrian Ms. from the University
Library of Groningen"
"The Ascetic Florilegium in Ms. Charfeh 86 and its Connections
with East-Syriac Ascetic Literature"
"The Transmission of the Syriac Pseudo-Callisthenes"
"Founding a New Patriarchate: Eliya X, Joseph I, and the Muslim
Authorities"
"Pour une =82tude de l'=82change culturel entre chr=82 tiens orientau=
x
et catholicisme latin: probl=8Ames et m=82thodes"
"Ottoman Administration and its Christian Subjects:
Changes in the Millet System under Influence of Western
Missions"
"Alqosh as a Channel of Transmission of Syriac Literary Culture"
Oct 25 A Discussion on "The Assyrians": The Second of Joan Grande's
Series of Gallery Talks on the Development of Civilization.
British Museum, London
Coffee Bar (inside the museum)
11:00 AM
=A31.50
=09
Nov 22-24 Middle East Studies Association's 31st Annual Meeting
San Francisco, California
Hyatt Regency San Francisco
=
=
0000,0000,fefehttp://www.mesa.arizona.edu/=
mesa97.htm
Selected Topics:
-Christian Persian Notables: Patrons and Leaders in East Syrian
Christian Society
-Iraq and the Assyrians, 1925-1933
-Dawn at Tell Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur
River
-The Future of Iraq=09
-Recognized Religious Minorities in Iran=09
-An Ethnic Perspective on State Formation in Iraq
-Lebanon's Culture and National Identity
-Sons of Noah in Eastern Christian Tradition
Dec 7 General Meeting of the Assyrian Foundation of America
Berkeley, California
Agenda: General Elections
Dec 11-13 British Association for Near Eastern Archaeology
1997 Annual Conference
University of Durham
United Kingdom
=
=
0000,0000,fefehttp://www.dur.ac.uk/Archaeo=
logy/confs/BANEA.html
Dec 20 Maestro Nebu Issabey's Nineveh Choir=20
San Jose State University Music Hall
8:00 PM
(Tickets are on sale!)
Through In the Presence of the Gods: Art from Ancient Sumer
Mar 8,1998 The Smart Museum of Art
5550 South Greenwood Avenue
Chicago
Free Admission
A presentation of 43 4,500-year-old Sumerian temple offerings,
including statues from Tell Asmar, tablets, carved stone vessels, and
relief panels showing banquet scenes.
=20
=20
ffff,0000,0000--------------------------K H U D=20
R A------------------------------
Oct 17 Anniversary of Mar Dinkha IV's Consecration (1976) =20
Patriarch of the Church of the East
Oct 19 Second Sunday of Moses
Oct 26 Third Sunday of Moses
Oct 31 Dokhrana 'd Mar Elia (of Hirta or Khirata)=20
Nov 1 Dokhrana 'd Mar Mikha d'Alqosh
Nov 3 Dokhrana 'd Mar Gewargis, Sahda (The Martyr)
Nov 19 Commemoration of Mar Yacoub m' Pasqa
Nov 22 Dokhrana 'd Mar Odisho d'Urmi =20
Dec 7 Annunciation of the Virgin Mary (Soobara)
Dec 8 Immaculate Conception
Dec 13 Mar Yacub d'Nsiven (St. James of Nisibin)
Dec 20 King Abgar V
Dec 22 Mar Yousip (St. Joseph)
Dec 25 Christmas (Julian Calendar)
For the Church Liturgy of the Assyrian Church of the East visit:
=20
=
0000,0000,fefehttp://www.cired.org/liturgy=
..html
=20
ffff,0000,0000-------------------------E N T R=20
A C T E-------------------------
Dec 31 New Year's Eve Party
Assyrian American Association of San Jose
Entertainers: Black Cats & Franco
Marriott Hotel
Santa Clara, California
ffff,0000,0000----------------------I N T E L L I G
E N T S I A-----------------------
CHICAGO Introductory & Advanced Modern Assyrian
Room Numbers C13 & C33
Instructor: Rabbie Zaia Kanoon
Wednesdays, Thursdays, & Saturdays
7:00-9:00 PM
Location: North Park University, Carlson Tower
language@aas.net or 1-800-454-6979.
=09
Assyrian Athletic Club Soccer Development Program
Ages 7-14
7:45-9:45 PM
Mondays
Warren Park Gymnasium
Western Avenue & Devon Street
------------------------------------------------------
HARVARD 1997-98 Syriac Classes Taught by Dr. J.F. Coakley
UNIVERSITY Elementary Syriac
Instructor: J. F. Coakley
Basic Syriac grammar and syntax with selected readings from=20
the Syriac Bible and other early texts. =20
------------------------------------------------------
Readings in Syriac I
Historical and theological texts, and early poetry
------------------------------------------------------
Readings in Syriac II
Special attention to exegetical texts and to reading
manuscripts.=20
------------------------------------------------------
NORTH Assyrian Boy Scouts =20
HOLLYWOOD Assyrian American Association of Southern California
Assyrian Club
5901 Cahuenga Blvd
North Hollywood, California
9:30am to 12:30pm =20
Sundays =20
Contact Sargon Gewargis @ fishtale@juno.com
(818) 891-3705 after 7:30 PM
------------------------------------------------------
Assyrian Student Union
California State University, Northridge
Assyrian American Association of Southern California
Assyrian Club
5901 Cahuenga Blvd
North Hollywood, California
6:00pm
Contact Sargon Gewargis @ fishtale@juno.com
(818) 891-3705 after 7:30 PM
------------------------------------------------------
SAN JOSE English as a Second Language & Conversational English (Adults)
Instructor: Jacklin Bajan
Mondays
7:00-9:30 PM
AAA of San Jose BETA
------------------------------------------------------
Nisibin School for Children (Classes begin on 10/6/97)
Various Instructors
Saturdays
10:00-1:00 pm
AAA of San Jose BETA
------------------------------------------------------
Citizenship Classes
Instructor: Jacklin Bajan
Mondays & Tuesdays
7:00 PM
AAA of San Jose BETA
20000 Almaden Road
------------------------------------------------------
Maestro Nebu Issabey's Nineveh Choir Practice
AAA of San Jose BETA
8:00 PM
Thursdays
------------------------------------------------------
ONTARIO Nisibis School=20
10:30-1:30 =20
Saturdays
The Church of the East=20
Toronto, Canada
Assyrian Student Association
12:00 pm (noon)
MSA Room, Fennell Campus
Hamilton, Canada
ffff,0000,0000-----------------------------A B Z=20
U---------------------------------=20
RADIO PROGRAMS=09
Assyrian Voice of Canada Ontario-Canada
Saturdays=09
3:00 - 4:00 PM Cable 91.7 and 91.9
10:00 PM - 12:00 AM (midnight) AM 1430
Voice (905) 279-6206
Fax (905) 279-7347
-------------------------------------------------------------------
TELEVISION PROGRAMS
AssyriaVision KBSV-TV 23 Modesto/Turlock-California
Bet-Nahrain Inc.
Daily (Saturday-Friday)=09
7:00 AM - 2:00 AM PST=20
(209) 538-4130
0000,0000,fefehttp://www.betnahrain.org/kbs=
v-tv23.html
--------------------------------------------------------=
-----------
Assyrian National Magazine San Jose/Bay Area, California
(with George Maragolof)=09
Live Show (Every first and third Tuesday)
6:00 PM - 7:00 PM "live show"
Weekly Show (Fridays)=20
7:00-8:00 PM
Channel 15A (TCI Cablevision)
0000,0000,fefehttp://wwwdeanza.fhda.edu/26/=
shows/assyrian.html
--------------------------------------------------------=
-----------
Atour TV (Assyrian American Association) San Jose, California
Weekly (Mondays)
8:30 PM - 9:00 PM
Channel 15A (TCI Cablevision)
=20
ffff,0000,0000---A S S Y R I A N S U R
F I N G P O S T S-----=20
=20
Hannibal Alkhas & His Paintings:
http://www.iranian.com/Arts/June97/Alkhass/index.shtml
Express Yourself: =20
http://aina.org/bbs/index.cgi
=20
A cross between a newsgroup (soc.culture.assyrian) and an email
distribution service (AssyriaLink), this online forum is ideal for those
readers unable to access the Internet newsgroups. =20
ffff,0000,0000-------------------P U M P UP
THE V O L U M E-------------------=20
0000,0000,ffff English Modern Assyrian
Prescription noo/sakh/ta [F]
=20
Description poog/ra/pa [F]
________________________________________________________________________
F =3D Feminine M =3D Masculine P =3D Plural =20
=20
=20
=20
ffff,0000,0000-------------B A C K TO THE =20
F U T U R E----------------
BC (669) Returning from his conquests in Egypt, King Essarhaddon dies of
old age and Bet-Nahrain is divided between his two sons. Ashurbanipal is
given northern Bet-Nahrain and Babylonia is handed to Shamash-shum-ukin.=20
The rivalry between the two brothers ends in a bitter capture of Babylon
by Ashurbanipal. Babylonians are forced to resort to cannibalism and the
streets were filled with corpses. By 648 Babylon surrenders to the
armies of Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin throws himself into the
flames of his own palace.
=20
<<<< Babylon, Oates >>
AD (1616) The metropolitan province of Jerusalem after centuries of
service to the Assyrian pilgrims becomes extinct. Assyrian bishops had
served in this major province since 895 A.D.
<<<< The Nestorian Churches, Vine >>
=20
=20
ffff,0000,0000--------------L I T E R =20
A T U S-----------------
LAMB STRUNG ON A SWORD
My grandmother, Mamma Joe, strung chunks of lamb on 12" steel swords with
wooden handles. The wonderful smell of grilled lamb coming from her
barbecue grill on wheels filled the neighborhood. She would tear a small
piece of paper thin bread and use it to push the hot cubes of lamb onto a
platter of chopped fresh cilantro, dill, green onions, and hot peppers.=20
This mixture of meat, herbs, and peppers was wrapped in paper thin bread
and accompanied by a platter of fresh summer vegetables.
<<<< Assyrian Cookery, David Benjamin Warda >>
ffff,0000,0000--------T H I S W E E K =20
I N H I S T O R Y--------=20
October 15, 1843: Mohammad Pasha, the Ottoman ruler of Mosul (Nineveh)
orders the destruction of all archeological discoveries made by
foreigners in his territory, including the palace of King Sargon II.
ffff,0000,0000-----------------------B R A =20
V O-------------------------
TREE OF LIFE
ZENDA is pleased to announce the receipt of Vol I, #2 issue of "Tree of
Life." This newsletter is the offical organ of the Assyrian Aid Society
of America. Current articles include a report from northern Iraq on the
general conditions of the Assyrians, a message from the president of AAS,
Mr. Narsai David, and this organization's 1997 Financial Summary. Last
night the annual meeting of the AAS Directors was held in the San
Francisco Bay Area during which a proposed budget for 1997-1998 was
reviewed and approved. To subscribe to Tree of Life or to pledge a
donation toward the humanitarian efforts of this organization in northern
Iraq contact Assyrian Aid Society at:
41 Sutter Street
Suite 1534
San Francisco, CA 94104
ffff,0000,0000--------------------the D I R E=20
C T O R Y----------------------
ZNAA (Assyrian Academic Society-Chicago)
ZNAD (Assyrian Democratic Organization)
ZNAF (Agence France-Presse)
ZNAM (Archeology Magazine)
ZNAP (Associated Press International)
ZNBN (Bet-Nahrain Inc/ KBSV-TV "AssyriaVision")
ZNIF (Iraq Foundation)
ZNDA (Zenda: zenda@ix.netcom.com)
ZNIN (Iraqi National Congress)
ZNMN (San Jose Mercury News)
ZNNQ (Nabu Quarterly)
ZNNV (Nineveh Magazine)
ZNQA (Qala Atouraya- Moscow)
ZNRU (Reuters)
ZNSH (Shotapouta Newsletter)
ZNSJ (San Jose Mercury News)
ZNSM (Shufimafi Lebanese News)
ZNTM (Time Magazine)
ZNUP (United Press International)
ZNUS (US News & World Report)
ffff,0000,0000---------W E L C O M E =20
T O Z E N D A--------
CORPORATE ACCOUNTS=20
McKesson Corp=09
UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTS
California State University, Stanislaus
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS =09
Australia
Chicago
Walnut Creek, California
ffff,0000,0000-------------------S A L =20
U T E----------------------
This Week's Writers & Reporters:
Firas Jatou Chicago, Illinois Assyrian Surfing Posts
Fred Is-Haq San Jose, California News Digest
Rita Pirayou San Jose, California News Digest
& We Thank The Following Individuals For Referring Us to New Readers:
Lena Mushell San Jose, California
ffff,0000,0000----------------------------------------=
--------------------------------
0000,0000,ffffIn Our Upcoming Issues:
=09
October 20 Babylonian Mathematics
October 27 ZENDA's Readers Survey
November 3 The Urmie Manifesto
November 10 The Assyrian American Association of Chicago
November 17 Of Dolma and Haseeda: Assyrian Chefs & Cookery
Would you like to know more about a particular topic on Assyrian culture,
arts, history, language, politics, etc. Drop us a note!
Do you have old books and magazines on topics related to the Assyrian
culture sitting around at home eating dust? How about sending them to
ZENDA so we may share their information with our readers. ZENDA will
cover your cost of postage and handling.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZENDA is a weekly online magazine distributed on Mondays. Views expressed
in ZENDA do not necessarily represent those of the ZENDA editors, or any
of our associated staff. This publication reserves the right, at its sole
discretion, not to publish comments or articles previously printed in or
submitted to other journals. ZENDA also reserves the right to publish
and republish your submission in any form or medium. All letters and
messages require the name(s) of sender and/or author. All messages
published in the SURFS UP! section must bear the name of the author(s).=20
Distribution of material featured in ZENDA is not restricted, but
permission from ZENDA is required. This service is meant for the
exchange of information, analyses and news. To subscribe, send e-mail to:
zenda@ix.netcom.com with the message body "subscribe ZENDA Firstname
Lastname". To unsubscribe, send e-mail to the above address, with the
message body "unsubscribe ZENDA".
zenda@ix.netcom.com
P.O. Box 20278 San Jose, California 95160 U.S.A.
=20
--=====================_876822357==_
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ZZZZZ ZENDA is a Weekly Assyrian Online Magazine ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ Vol III, Issue 32 ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ I Tishreen 13, 6747 October 13, 1997 ZZZZZ=20
ZZZZZ ZZZZZ =
ZZZZZ =
zenda@ix.netcom.com ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ P.O. Box 20278 San Jose, California 95160 U.S.A. ZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
T H I S W E E K I N Z E N D A=20
The Lighthouse............. Yusuf Malek: The Man Who Saw Tomorrow
Good Morning Bet-Nahrain... Turkey to Annex North Iraq, Says Ocalan
Iraq Protests I.N.C. Meeting with Blair=09
Surfs Up................... "my dream is to be with you"=09
Surfers Corner............. Internet Assyrian Dictionary Project=09
News Digest................ Tehran's Assyrian Leader Calls Iran Ideal
Tamraz Accused of Bribing Ciller's Husband
Calendar of Events......... Conference in Lieden, The Netherlands
Khudra..................... October-December 1997=09
Entracte................... No New Entries=09
Intelligentsia............. Meetings & Classes
Abzu....................... Assyrian Radio & TV Programs
Assyrian Surfing Posts..... Hannibal Alkhas
Express Yourself =09
Pump up the Volume......... Prescription & Description =09
Back to the Future......... Ashurbanipal and Shamash-Shum-Ukin
Jerusalam Metropolitan Becomes Extinct
Literatus.................. Lamb Strung on a Sword =09
This Week in History....... Mohammad Pasha Destroy's Assyrian Ruins=09
Bravo...................... Tree of Life=09
The Directory.............. ZENDA News Sources =20
Bshena..................... Australia, Chicago, McKesson and Turlock=09
Salute..................... Firas, Fred, Lena, & Rita
=20
-------------THE L I G H T H O U S E----------------- =
=20
=20
YUSUF MALEK
THE MAN WHO SAW TOMORROW
In the quiet Persian town of Masjide Suleiman (Solomon's Mosque), on the=
afternoon of May 26, 1908, a few minutes after 4:00 A.M. the joyous=
shouting of the British and Persian laborers awakened the Indian cavalry=
guards serving in His Majesty's Army. A gusher of oil marked the beginning=
of a new chapter in the history of modern Assyrian nation. The British had=
struck oil in Iran. =20
Soon after, the Anglo-Persian Petroleum Company (later British Petroleum or=
"BP") was established. By 1914 the British government of King George V=
owned fifty one percent interest in BP. In a secret agreement drafted by=
Winston Churchill, then a member of the Parliament, the British Admiralty=
was handed a twenty-year contract for oil extracted in Iran and refined in=
the port city of Abadan. In southern Iraq the rivers Tigris and Euphrates=
meet to form the waterway of Shatt-al-Arab which waters the area separating=
Abadan and the Iraqi city of Basra, a place once inhabited by the ancient=
Sumerians. It was here in Basra that a young Assyrian interpreter=
developed a keen interest in defending the rights of his people and=
focusing his entire energy on the political work at hand. This is the=
story of Yusuf Malek, the man who saw tomorrow. =20
Born on 28 March 1899 in Baghdad, Yusuf Malek attended his hometown's "Latin=
and American Schools." His parents were Chaldean-Catholics from the Tel=
Keif (Tell Keppe) in the district of Nineveh. Today's Iraq, Turkey, in fact=
much of the Middle East was then under the control of the Ottoman rulers. =
In the Fall of 1914 the troops of Ottomon Empire (modern Turkey) were=
mobilized to capture the Abadan Refinery in an effort to cut energy=
supplies to the British. On 6 November 1914 Britain declared war on the=
Ottoman Empire. To secure their oil fields in Iran and the control of=
Baghdad the British captured Basra from the Ottomans. Yusuf was working as=
a War Interpreter during the British occupation of Basra. =20
The British soldiers lost in their first attempt to capture Baghdad. The=
battle took place on 25 November in the ancient city of Ctesiphon, 26 miles=
southeast of Baghdad, where centuries before the Assyrian Church monitored=
the growth of its domain from the Mediterranean Sea to China and Japan. =
The British decided to retreat and stop at the mud village of Kut el-Amara.=
The Ottomans isolated the humiliated, starving and diseased British=
soldiers for nearly five months. Finally the British Government dispatched=
Captains Aubrey Herbert and T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) to negotiate=
the terms of surrender on 28 April 1916. The siege of Kut lasted 146 days=
with 10,000 British casualties. The defeated army was sent on a death=
march to Turkey to work on railroad chain gangs. Only a few, including=
Yusuf Malek, survived the ordeal. =20
Two months later Yusuf succeeded in escaping the Ottomans. In July 1917=
once again he was employed by the British. Within two years he had become=
an Assistant to the Governor of Samara. On 25 April 1920 the San Remo=
Agreement was signed between the French and the British. Nineveh (Mosul)=
was to be taken from the French in exchange for 25% of oil in Bet-Nahrain-=
if ever found. Both the British and the French were cognizant of the=
oil-rich land of northern Bet-Nahrain, and so was Yusuf whose vision for a=
future Assyria included an economy based on the sale of his homeland's oil=
to the West. Yusuf was now holding a very visible position in the=
Government of Iraq. As the Secretary Inspector for the State of Nineveh he=
clearly understood that the purpose of such an agreement was to temporarily=
appease the Turks in the north. These were the same people who had only=
five years earlier committed the greatest massacre against his people and=
forced him onto a death march. By 1920 much of the Mosul region was in=
the hands of the Turkish rulers. In 1921 the British installed Faisal as=
the king of a new country called Iraq. Yusuf and other Assyrian leaders=
worked diligently to convince the British to regain the Mosul Villayet in=
the hope of rebuilding the new autonomous homeland for Assyrians. In May=
1924 at the Conference of Constantinople Mosul was seceded to Iraq under=
British Rule. The British had a different plan for northern Iraq. Fighting=
broke immediately between Tkhumnaye Assyrians and the Turkish troops. =
Turkey had decided to drive Assyrians out of Hakkari into Iraq. On 16 July=
1925 the League of Nations agreed to give Mosul Vilayet to Britain but=
allowed the Hakkari to stay within Turkish borders. The Assyrian homeland=
was now divided between Iraq and Turkey. Two years later, at 3:00 AM on 15=
October, from a well known as Baba Gurgur Number One, a roar was heard. =
The British had discovered oil six miles northwest of Kirkuk in northern=
Iraq. In the next few months foreign oil investors signed a contract in=
which it was agreed that Royal Dutch (Shell), Anglo-Persian (BP), the=
French, and the American "Near East Development Group" would each receive=
an equal share of the riches found in the homeland of the Assyrians. The=
British had decided that northern Bet-Nahrain could no longer be entrusted=
to the secesionist Assyrians; and therefore, vocal activists such as Yusuf=
Malek and Mar Ishai Shimun of the Assyrian Church of the East had to be=
silenced.
On 16 August 1930 the Administrative Inspector for the State of Mosul=
promoted Yusuf to the position of Mayor of Sheehan in northern Iraq. Only=
two days later the Minister of Interior ordered Yusuf to be tranfered to=
Nassiriya. Yusuf's refusal angered the government officials who promptly=
requested his resignation. To insure a global agreement on the sovereignty=
of a nation under Arab and not Assyrian rule, the British decided to help=
the newly-created nation of Iraq be admitted to the League of Nations. On=
16 November 1930 the Iraqi Parliament ratified a new Anglo-Iraqi Treaty and=
set a date for the termination of the British Mandate over Iraq. Assyrians=
holding high-ranking positions in the British administration of Iraq had to=
be replaced with Arab counterparts. In April 1931 Yusuf left Sheehan for=
Beirut, a city under French Mandate. Along the way he attended the=
Assyrian-Kurdish Conference held in Halab (Aleppo), Syria. On 3 October=
1932 the independent state of Iraq was admitted to the League of Nations. =
=20
In Beirut a bitter Yusuf Malek wrote much against the British involvement in=
Iraq and their refusal to cooperate with the Assyrian leaders. His=
writings angered both the British and the Arab rulers of Iraq. Certain=
Assyrian tribal leaders were now convinced that the future of Assyrian=
nation could only be entrusted to the French. In August 1933 a few days=
following the small exodus of Assyrians to Syria, an area under the=
protection of the French, and the massacre of Assyrians in northern Iraq=
(the Semel Massacre), at the request of the Iraqi Exterior Minister Nuri=
al-Saeed Pasha from the French government, Yusuf was arrested and exiled to=
Cyprus.
On 26 August 1933 Yusuf joined the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the=
East, Mar Ishai Shimun, who was also exiled from Bet-Nahrain. On 28=
September 1933 Yusuf Malek and Mar Ishai Shimun left Cyprus and arrived on=
4 October 1933 in Geneva, Switzerland. Malik, an Assyrian-Chaldean,=
accompanied the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East as his=
official secretary in defending the rights of the Assyrians at the meetings=
of the League of Nations. The discussion over "The Assyrian Cause" was to=
take place on 14 October. Both men worked at "an unbelievable pace of 18=
hours a day" to prepare for these historic gatherings. Yusuf and Mar Ishai=
Shimun's demands in London, Geneva, and Paris were promptly ignored or=
rejected one meeting after another. Yusuf returned to Beirut empty-handed.=
By this time however, many international politicians in Europe and Asia=
were made aware of "The Assyrian Cause." To Yusuf it meant only one thing,=
that the British had once again betrayed their Christian allies in=
Bet-Nahrain. In Beirut he continued his journalistic efforts as the=
Editor of "Kheerotha" (Freedom), an Assyrian newspaper financially=
supported by the Assyrian-American National Federation. Yusuf also wrote=
his monumental book "The British Betrayal of Assyrians," a revealing look=
at the British politics in Bet-Nahrain at the turn of the century. =20
Yusuf Malek gave Assyrian politics a practical realism and redefined=
Assyrian identity in terms of a modern secular faith. His leadership and=
writings, as with most of his contemporary Assyrian educated leaders, led=
to the foundation of all future Assyrian political movements in=
Bet-Nahrain. Tel Keppe's most famous Assyrian political activist and=
visionary passed onto immortality in 1959.=20
Staff of ZENDA
References:=20
History of Mesopotamia, Samuel Guliana
A Peace to End All Peace, David Fromkin
The Prize, Daniel Yergin
"The Unforgotten Son of Tel-Keif", William Mikhail =20
---G O O D M O R N I N G B E T - N A H R A I N---
TURKEY WANTS TO ANNEX NORTHERN IRAQ, SAYS KURDISH LEADER
Copyright 1997 by Agence France-Presse / Tue, 7 Oct 1997 10:42:07 PDT
(ZNAF: Ankara) Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Ocalan=
accused Turkey of plans to annex northern Iraq, where Turkish troops have=
been attacking the Kurd separatist group, in an interview on Kurdish=
Med-TV. Turkey has a "clear plan" to use the presence of ethnic Turks=
living in northern Iraq to increase Turkish influence there and create a=
"federal structure" before moving to "annex" the area, Ocalan was quoted as=
saying in Tuesday's edition of the Turkish pro-Kurdish newspaper Ulkede=
Gundem. "Behind this plan is the support of the United States, Israel and=
other imperialist countries who want to disperse the Kurds using Turkey as=
an intermediary," said the head of the PKK. Turkish warplanes moved into=
Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq at the end of last month in an operation=
to wipe out what Ankara says are PKK rear bases used to launch attacks=
across the border into Turkey. Ocalan said the PKK could issue a ceasefire=
with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), one of the Iraqi Kurdish groups=
controlling northern Iraq, if its leader Massoud Barzani withdrew support=
for the Turkish army. Turkey said yesterday that its troops and Iraqi=
Kurdish allies had killed 797 PKK rebels and lost 11 Turkish solders and 35=
fighters from the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in three weeks of=
fighting in northern Iraq following an army incursion into the area. =
Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit said Friday that Ankara's=
military presence in northern Iraq was not permanent, but necessary to=
counter the "negative effect of the current power vacuum" after Baghdad had=
lost control of the region in the wake
of the 1991 Gulf war. Ocalan usually lives in Damascus or the=
Syrian-controlled Bekaa valley in Lebanon.
IRAQ PROTESTS IRAQI OPPOSITION MEETING WITH BRITISH GOVERNMENT
(ZNAF: New York) In a letter to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Iraqi=
Deputy Prime Minister Tareq Aziz accused the government of Prime
Minister Tony Blair of "hostile conduct," following the meeting on September=
30. Aziz said that a statement issued in London after the meeting=
interfered with Iraqi internal affairs "with a view to overthrowing its=
national government, undermining its security and stability, encroaching on=
its sovereignty and destroying its national unity." The British statement=
notably expressed serious concerns about the regional threat posed by the=
regime of Iraqi leader Saddam
Hussein and said that all sides agreed to "expanded future meetings."
Last week's meeting was attended notably by the umbrella Iraqi National=
Congress, the Shiite Supreme Assembly of the Islamic Revolution and the=
Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. The Jordan-based Iraqi National=
Accord and Iraqi defector Wafic Samarrai, former head of Iraq's military=
intelligence also attended. The Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa) is=
also a member of INC. Meanwhile, the two rival Kurdish factions that=
control northern Iraq blamed each other for the failure of this meeting.
In two separate statements received in Dubai, the Kurdistan Democratic Party=
(KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) said the meeting was held=
Monday and Tuesday at the British Foreign Office in the presence of=
representatives of the three countries that oversaw the signing of the=
October 1996 KDP-PUK ceasefire. The KDP said "the PUK wanted to put the=
cart before the horse and demanded the formation of a coalition government=
in northern Iraq" The PUK said it reiterated its demands during the=
meeting for an agreement with the KDP on forming a joint government and for=
the KDP to hand over to a joint treasury the duties it collects at the=
border with Turkey. "We hold the KDP responsible for the deterioration of=
the situation in (Iraqi) Kurdistan because it doesn't want a real peace and=
scorns the interests of the Kurdish people, loots their resources and is=
amassing money in bank accounts abroad," the PUK said. It also accused=
Turkey "of being biased toward the KDP, whose forces serve as mercenaries=
with Turkish troops" and said that "the Turkish position only complicates=
the situation."
------------------S U R F S U P !------------------------
"First, let me state that I fully agree...on the principle that the
current process of dialogue and unity between the Assyrian Church of the=
East and the Chaldean Catholic Church should have included, in one way or=
another, the segment of the Church of the East that follows the Old=
Calendar. There is no reason why these brethren should not have been=
rejoicing the initiation of this course as many of us are these days.
However, your statement that this Church was "left in the cold" during these=
talks is not an accurate one. The Patriarch of the Assyrian Church, His=
Holiness Mar Dinkha has attempted numerous time in recent years to invite=
His Holiness Mar Addai to the round table in order to resolve differences,=
progress in dialogue and achieve rapprochement. But, unfortunately, the=
final result of these attempts has always been insignificant. During their=
talks, before signing the "Joint Synodal Decree for Promoting Unity," Their=
Holinesses our two Patriarchs Mar Raphael and Mar Dinkha, in Chicago,=
personally called Patriarch Mar Addai, who was then in California, on the=
13th of August (4:10 pm) and invited him to come to Chicago and=
co-consecrate Mart Maryam Church with them. That would have been an=
historic opportunity to "jump start" the process that is so stagnant now. =
Unfortunately Mar Addai's reply to both Patriarchs -- who pleaded with love=
and respect for his participation -- was that "I cannot come, I am too busy=
now here in California."
I want to assure you...that neither this nor any other situation will
ever deter Assyrians or Chaldeans from insisting with a more serious=
approach on meeting with our brothers who are not with us today celebrating=
the hopes and aspirations of UNITY. This church and her hierarchy, clergy=
and members are our brothers and sisters and our joy in the Lord and in our=
nation will never be fulfilled without them. Our mission is to be one with=
them as well; this is what Christ has asked us to do.
Mar Bawai Soro
Bishop--Sec. Gen. of CIRED
[Mar Bawai Soro's letter was sumbitted in response to a ZENDA reader's=
comment published last week.]
*******************
"Today Mesopotamia has become the game of war, torture, killing,=20
imprisonment, hatred, revenge, and all sorts of barbaric actions that=20
couldn't be found elsewhere. Yet the people of Bethnahrin are=20
brave and fight for their right to be there, to guard their grandfathers'=20
and grandmothers' graves and trace their people's steps. The=20
difficulties they have tolerated 'not even the mountains' could tolerate, in=
winter under coldness and in summer under the hot sun.
Who was responsible for this disaster of 1914? Behind the mirror there=20
are many unexplained questions? Immigration has cost us a high price. To=
escape is not the solution. Our enemy's purpose is to force us to leave=
there! To force a human to flee from his/her own home you gain nothing=
except a bad reputation. I will be brave and dare not to be quiet for my=
people's right. I won't keep my mouth shut because the four season's of=
Mesopotamia are in my heart.
My mother, where are your green trees and sparkling grass which never can=20
be found somewhere else? The sun shine which made me feel I was in paradise?=
Who can encourage me to forget you? My tears run like a river as I remember=
you. Who can wipe or dry my teardrops falling day and night? Who can explai=
n how I miss you, your voice rings in my ears day and night. My patience is=
running out without you for my desire is to=20
realise my dream. And my dream is to be with you
Although I'm far from you and the distance is great, I promise to=20
keep you in my heart for ever, my hope will never be destroyed despite all=
difficulties which exist. Your beauty is always in front of my eyes. You=
are wonderful and you will be for ever. Your flowers possibly could grew up=
again, this is my first hope and expectations.
It's you who gave the world civilisation and the establishment of peace.
You lost your self-defence by bringing peace to the world, but=20
your self confidence still exist. You are waiting for somebody to=20
revive it. No one will mention you if you don't stimulate your children. To=
describe your pain for me feels hard. Your garden has became dry because=
it hasn't rained for 2000 years. Your soil has became hard as stone and=
there is nobody to irrigate it...You were a good shepherd for your children=
and you were a pigeon which always wished to follow the path of peace. But=
your enemies were after you to destroy your villages, and change them to=
their mentality and methods.
Iskender Aryo
Sweden
---------------S U R F E R S C O R N E R----------------
THE INTERNET ASSYRAIN DICTIONARY PROJECT
In cooperation with Tyler Chambers' Internet Dictionary Project, the=
Assyrian Academic Society is creating a royalty-free Assyrian dictionary=
through the help of Assyrians that have access to the internet. This site=
allows individuals from all over the world to visit and assist in the=
translation of English words into modern Assyrian. The resulting lists of=
English words and their translated counterparts are then made available=
through this site to anyone, with no restrictions on their use.
=20
Please donate a little of your time and add translations to the IADP by=20
visiting : http://aas.net/id.htm
=20
Firas Jatou
Assyrian Acadmeic Society
---------------N E W S D I G E S T-----------------
HEAD OF ASSYRIAN MOTVA IN TEHRAN: "ISLAMIC REPUBLIC IDEAL FOR ASSYRIANS"
(ZNDA: Tehran) Two weeks after the publication of a 38-page report by the=
New York-based Human Rights Watch in which Iran's Islamic government is=
said to be engaged in flagrant persecution of the country's religious and=
ethnic minorities especially evangelical Christians and Baha'is, an=
interview was conducted by the officials of Iran's media group with Yonatan=
Bet-Kolya, the head of the Assyrian Council of Tehran (Motva'd Tehran) and=
the Assyrian Universal Alliance's representative in Asia. Bet-Kolya calls=
the Islamic Republic of Iran "ideal for the Assyrian Society." He adds that=
"for centuries the Assyrians had lived in this vast land and for religious=
reasons, they had long wished that a government would come to power which=
would be on the basis of religion." He also stated that "the culmination=
of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the establishment of Islamic Republic=
of Iran based on Divine Law and Justice materialized the long cherished=
wishes of the Assyrian community." He pointed out that under the Divine Law=
of Islamic Iran, the Assyrians have the opportunity to freely practice=
their religious rites. Bet Kolya notes that "under Islamic Iran, Assyrians=
have full freedom in the practice of their culture and religion. They face=
no form of restrictions what-so-ever and that the Assyrians have been able=
to preserve their identity, their language, culture and religion in Iran,=
whereas the Assyrians in Arabic countries neither know their language nor=
have their true identity as Assyrian community." ZENDA was unable to=
confirm the validity of the information received at presstime. Bet-Kolya, a=
contraversial figure in the arena of Assyrian politics in Iran due to his=
past involvement with Iran's intelligence community, was a guest of the=
Assyian American National Federation at this year's "Detroit Convention."
TAMRAZ INVOLVED IN TURKEY'S BRIBERY CASE
(ZNSM: Ankara) Turkish newspaper, Milliyet, last week revealed that Turkey's=
ex-premier Tansu Ciller's husband was being investigated by the country's=
judiciary over allegations of his taking a bribe from the=20
Maronite-American businessman Roger Tamraz. Ozer Ciller allegedly took=
money from Tamraz in exchange for obtaining a contract to build a pipeline=
from the Caspian Sea to Turkey's port of Ceyhan. Last month Tamraz=
testified before a US congressional committee on his donations to the=
Democratic Party in order to "have access" to president Bill Clinton in=
support of his multi-billion dollar Caspian Sea Oil Pipeline project. A=
French investigative magistrate also has charged Tamraz with issuing a fake=
budget for France's Banque de Participations et de Placements (BPP) and=
embezzling more than 6 million francs from its coffers.
------C A L E N D A R OF E V E N T S----
Oct 17-18 Lieden University Symposium
A History of Assyro-Chaldean Christians
Contact Dr. Heleen Murre-van den Berg
hlmurre@rullet.leidenuniv.nl
Topic include:
"The Church of the East in the 17th and 18th Centuries: Bet Israel=
Alqoshaya and the Periodization of History"
"Israel Alqoshaya and Yausip Tilkipnaya and the Beginnings of Sureth=
Literature"
"Neo-Aramaic and Persian Glosses in the Syriac Translation of the=
Pseudo-Callisthenes and the Literary Traditions around the School of=
Alqosh"
"Early Neo-Aramaic and Present-day Dialectal Diversity"
"The Patriarchate of the Church of the East in the 17th Century"
"A Chaldean aksa d-kahna in an East-Syrian Ms. from the University=
Library of Groningen"
"The Ascetic Florilegium in Ms. Charfeh 86 and its Connections with=
East-Syriac Ascetic Literature"
"The Transmission of the Syriac Pseudo-Callisthenes"
"Founding a New Patriarchate: Eliya X, Joseph I, and the Muslim=
Authorities"
"Pour une =82tude de l'=82change culturel entre chr=82 tiens=
orientaux et catholicisme latin: probl=8Ames et m=82thodes"
"Ottoman Administration and its Christian Subjects:
Changes in the Millet System under Influence of Western Missions"
"Alqosh as a Channel of Transmission of Syriac Literary Culture"
Oct 25 A Discussion on "The Assyrians": The Second of Joan Grande's=
Series of Gallery Talks on the Development of Civilization.
British Museum, London
Coffee Bar (inside the museum)
11:00 AM
=A31.50
=09
Nov 22-24 Middle East Studies Association's 31st Annual Meeting
San Francisco, California
Hyatt Regency San Francisco
http://www.mesa.arizona.edu/mesa97.htm
Selected Topics:
-Christian Persian Notables: Patrons and Leaders in East Syrian=
Christian Society
-Iraq and the Assyrians, 1925-1933
-Dawn at Tell Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur=
River
-The Future of Iraq=09
-Recognized Religious Minorities in Iran=09
-An Ethnic Perspective on State Formation in Iraq
-Lebanon's Culture and National Identity
-Sons of Noah in Eastern Christian Tradition
Dec 7 General Meeting of the Assyrian Foundation of America
Berkeley, California
Agenda: General Elections
Dec 11-13 British Association for Near Eastern Archaeology
1997 Annual Conference
University of Durham
United Kingdom
http://www.dur.ac.uk/Archaeology/confs/BANEA.html
Dec 20 Maestro Nebu Issabey's Nineveh Choir=20
San Jose State University Music Hall
8:00 PM
(Tickets are on sale!)
Through In the Presence of the Gods: Art from Ancient Sumer
Mar 8,1998 The Smart Museum of Art
5550 South Greenwood Avenue
Chicago
Free Admission
A presentation of 43 4,500-year-old Sumerian temple offerings, including=
statues from Tell Asmar, tablets, carved stone vessels, and relief panels=
showing banquet scenes.
=
=20
--------------------------K H U D R A------------------------------
Oct 17 Anniversary of Mar Dinkha IV's Consecration (1976) =20
Patriarch of the Church of the East
Oct 19 Second Sunday of Moses
Oct 26 Third Sunday of Moses
Oct 31 Dokhrana 'd Mar Elia (of Hirta or Khirata)=20
Nov 1 Dokhrana 'd Mar Mikha d'Alqosh
Nov 3 Dokhrana 'd Mar Gewargis, Sahda (The Martyr)
Nov 19 Commemoration of Mar Yacoub m' Pasqa
Nov 22 Dokhrana 'd Mar Odisho d'Urmi =20
Dec 7 Annunciation of the Virgin Mary (Soobara)
Dec 8 Immaculate Conception
Dec 13 Mar Yacub d'Nsiven (St. James of Nisibin)
Dec 20 King Abgar V
Dec 22 Mar Yousip (St. Joseph)
Dec 25 Christmas (Julian Calendar)
For the Church Liturgy of the Assyrian Church of the East visit:
http://www.cired.org/liturgy.html
=20
-------------------------E N T R A C T E-------------------------
Dec 31 New Year's Eve Party
Assyrian American Association of San Jose
Entertainers: Black Cats & Franco
Marriott Hotel
Santa Clara, California
----------------------I N T E L L I G E N T S I A-----------------------
CHICAGO Introductory & Advanced Modern Assyrian
Room Numbers C13 & C33
Instructor: Rabbie Zaia Kanoon
Wednesdays, Thursdays, & Saturdays
7:00-9:00 PM
Location: North Park University, Carlson Tower
language@aas.net or 1-800-454-6979.
=09
Assyrian Athletic Club Soccer Development Program
Ages 7-14
7:45-9:45 PM
Mondays
Warren Park Gymnasium
Western Avenue & Devon Street
------------------------------------------------------
HARVARD 1997-98 Syriac Classes Taught by Dr. J.F. Coakley
UNIVERSITY Elementary Syriac
Instructor: J. F. Coakley
Basic Syriac grammar and syntax with selected readings from=20
the Syriac Bible and other early texts. =20
------------------------------------------------------
Readings in Syriac I
Historical and theological texts, and early poetry
------------------------------------------------------
Readings in Syriac II
Special attention to exegetical texts and to reading
manuscripts.=20
------------------------------------------------------
NORTH Assyrian Boy Scouts =20
HOLLYWOOD Assyrian American Association of Southern California
Assyrian Club
5901 Cahuenga Blvd
North Hollywood, California
9:30am to 12:30pm =20
Sundays =20
Contact Sargon Gewargis @ fishtale@juno.com
(818) 891-3705 after 7:30 PM
------------------------------------------------------
Assyrian Student Union
California State University, Northridge
Assyrian American Association of Southern California
Assyrian Club
5901 Cahuenga Blvd
North Hollywood, California
6:00pm
Contact Sargon Gewargis @ fishtale@juno.com
(818) 891-3705 after 7:30 PM
------------------------------------------------------
SAN JOSE English as a Second Language & Conversational English (Adults)
Instructor: Jacklin Bajan
Mondays
7:00-9:30 PM
AAA of San Jose BETA
------------------------------------------------------
Nisibin School for Children (Classes begin on 10/6/97)
Various Instructors
Saturdays
10:00-1:00 pm
AAA of San Jose BETA
------------------------------------------------------
Citizenship Classes
Instructor: Jacklin Bajan
Mondays & Tuesdays
7:00 PM
AAA of San Jose BETA
20000 Almaden Road
------------------------------------------------------
Maestro Nebu Issabey's Nineveh Choir Practice
AAA of San Jose BETA
8:00 PM
Thursdays
------------------------------------------------------
ONTARIO Nisibis School=20
10:30-1:30 =20
Saturdays
The Church of the East=20
Toronto, Canada
Assyrian Student Association
12:00 pm (noon)
MSA Room, Fennell Campus
Hamilton, Canada
-----------------------------A B Z U---------------------------------=20
RADIO PROGRAMS=09
Assyrian Voice of Canada Ontario-Canada
Saturdays=09
3:00 - 4:00 PM Cable 91.7 and 91.9
10:00 PM - 12:00 AM (midnight) AM 1430
Voice (905) 279-6206
Fax (905) 279-7347
-------------------------------------------------------------------
TELEVISION PROGRAMS
AssyriaVision KBSV-TV 23 Modesto/Turlock-California
Bet-Nahrain Inc.
Daily (Saturday-Friday)=09
7:00 AM - 2:00 AM PST=20
(209) 538-4130
http://www.betnahrain.org/kbsv-tv23.html
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Assyrian National Magazine San Jose/Bay Area, California
(with George Maragolof)=09
Live Show (Every first and third Tuesday)
6:00 PM - 7:00 PM "live show"
Weekly Show (Fridays)=20
7:00-8:00 PM
Channel 15A (TCI Cablevision)
http://wwwdeanza.fhda.edu/26/shows/assyrian.html
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Atour TV (Assyrian American Association) San Jose, California
Weekly (Mondays)
8:30 PM - 9:00 PM
Channel 15A (TCI Cablevision)
=20
---A S S Y R I A N S U R F I N G P O S T S-----=20
=20
Hannibal Alkhas & His Paintings:
http://www.iranian.com/Arts/June97/Alkhass/index.shtml
Express Yourself: =20
http://aina.org/bbs/index.cgi
=20
A cross between a newsgroup (soc.culture.assyrian) and an email distribution=
service (AssyriaLink), this online forum is ideal for those readers unable=
to access the Internet newsgroups. =20
-------------------P U M P UP THE V O L U M E-------------------=20
English Modern Assyrian
Prescription noo/sakh/ta [F]
=20
Description poog/ra/pa [F]
________________________________________________________________________
F =3D Feminine M =3D Masculine P =3D Plural =20
=20
=
=20
-------------B A C K TO THE F U T U R E----------------
BC (669) Returning from his conquests in Egypt, King Essarhaddon dies of=
old age and Bet-Nahrain is divided between his two sons. Ashurbanipal is=
given northern Bet-Nahrain and Babylonia is handed to Shamash-shum-ukin. =
The rivalry between the two brothers ends in a bitter capture of Babylon by=
Ashurbanipal. Babylonians are forced to resort to cannibalism and the=
streets were filled with corpses. By 648 Babylon surrenders to the armies=
of Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin throws himself into the flames of his=
own palace.
=20
<< Babylon, Oates >>
AD (1616) The metropolitan province of Jerusalem after centuries of service=
to the Assyrian pilgrims becomes extinct. Assyrian bishops had served in=
this major province since 895 A.D.
<< The Nestorian Churches, Vine >>
=
=20
--------------L I T E R A T U S-----------------
LAMB STRUNG ON A SWORD
My grandmother, Mamma Joe, strung chunks of lamb on 12" steel swords with=
wooden handles. The wonderful smell of grilled lamb coming from her=
barbecue grill on wheels filled the neighborhood. She would tear a small=
piece of paper thin bread and use it to push the hot cubes of lamb onto a=
platter of chopped fresh cilantro, dill, green onions, and hot peppers. =
This mixture of meat, herbs, and peppers was wrapped in paper thin bread=
and accompanied by a platter of fresh summer vegetables.
<< Assyrian Cookery, David Benjamin Warda >>
--------T H I S W E E K I N H I S T O R Y--------=20
October 15, 1843: Mohammad Pasha, the Ottoman ruler of Mosul (Nineveh)=
orders the destruction of all archeological discoveries made by foreigners=
in his territory, including the palace of King Sargon II.
-----------------------B R A V O-------------------------
TREE OF LIFE
ZENDA is pleased to announce the receipt of Vol I, #2 issue of "Tree of=
Life." This newsletter is the offical organ of the Assyrian Aid Society of=
America. Current articles include a report from northern Iraq on the=
general conditions of the Assyrians, a message from the president of AAS,=
Mr. Narsai David, and this organization's 1997 Financial Summary. Last=
night the annual meeting of the AAS Directors was held in the San Francisco=
Bay Area during which a proposed budget for 1997-1998 was reviewed and=
approved. To subscribe to Tree of Life or to pledge a donation toward the=
humanitarian efforts of this organization in northern Iraq contact Assyrian=
Aid Society at:
41 Sutter Street
Suite 1534
San Francisco, CA 94104
--------------------the D I R E C T O R Y----------------------
ZNAA (Assyrian Academic Society-Chicago)
ZNAD (Assyrian Democratic Organization)
ZNAF (Agence France-Presse)
ZNAM (Archeology Magazine)
ZNAP (Associated Press International)
ZNBN (Bet-Nahrain Inc/ KBSV-TV "AssyriaVision")
ZNIF (Iraq Foundation)
ZNDA (Zenda: zenda@ix.netcom.com)
ZNIN (Iraqi National Congress)
ZNMN (San Jose Mercury News)
ZNNQ (Nabu Quarterly)
ZNNV (Nineveh Magazine)
ZNQA (Qala Atouraya- Moscow)
ZNRU (Reuters)
ZNSH (Shotapouta Newsletter)
ZNSJ (San Jose Mercury News)
ZNSM (Shufimafi Lebanese News)
ZNTM (Time Magazine)
ZNUP (United Press International)
ZNUS (US News & World Report)
---------W E L C O M E T O Z E N D A--------
CORPORATE ACCOUNTS=20
McKesson Corp=09
UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTS
California State University, Stanislaus
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS =09
Australia
Chicago
Concord, California
-------------------S A L U T E----------------------
This Week's Writers & Reporters:
Firas Jatou Chicago, Illinois Assyrian Surfing Posts
Fred Is-Haq San Jose, California News Digest
Rita Pirayou San Jose, California News Digest
& We Thank The Following Individuals For Referring Us to New Readers:
Lena Mushell San Jose, California
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Our Upcoming Issues:
=09
October 20 Babylonian Mathematics
October 27 ZENDA's Readers Survey
November 3 The Urmie Manifesto
November 10 The Assyrian American Association of Chicago
November 17 Of Dolma and Haseeda: Assyrian Chefs & Cookery
Would you like to know more about a particular topic on Assyrian culture,=
arts, history, language, politics, etc. Drop us a note!
Do you have old books and magazines on topics related to the Assyrian=
culture sitting around at home eating dust? How about sending them to=
ZENDA so we may share their information with our readers. ZENDA will cover=
your cost of postage and handling.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZENDA is a weekly online magazine distributed on Mondays. Views expressed in=
ZENDA do not necessarily represent those of the ZENDA editors, or any of=
our associated staff. This publication reserves the right, at its sole=
discretion, not to publish comments or articles previously printed in or=
submitted to other journals. ZENDA also reserves the right to publish and=
republish your submission in any form or medium. All letters and messages=
require the name(s) of sender and/or author. All messages published in the=
SURFS UP! section must bear the name of the author(s). Distribution of=
material featured in ZENDA is not restricted, but permission from ZENDA is=
required. This service is meant for the exchange of information, analyses=
and news. To subscribe, send e-mail to: zenda@ix.netcom.com with the=
message body "subscribe ZENDA Firstname Lastname". To unsubscribe, send=
e-mail to the above address, with the message body "unsubscribe ZENDA".
zenda@ix.netcom.com
P.O. Box 20278 San Jose, California 95160 U.S.A.
=20
--=====================_876822357==_--